Indian journalist Maulvi Mohammad Bakar / Baqir, the first martyr of the revolt of 1857
Indian journalist Maulvi Mohammad Bakar / Baqir, the first martyr of the revolt of 1857
In the great revolution of 1857, the names of all the kings and revolutionaries figure prominently,
Maulvi Mohammad Bakar did not bow his head in front of the British Government in the 1857 Ghadar, even he was martyred after being tied to a cannon.
Born in a respectable family of Delhi, Maulvi Mohammad Bakar was born in the year 1790. Father Maulana Mohammad Akbar was one of the finest personalities, due to which he got further education under the guidance of the famous scholar of Delhi, Mian Abdul Razzaq. .
We all are well aware that the foundation of the revolution of 1857 was laid by the soldiers. They also remained the backbone from the beginning of the revolution till the end, along with these soldiers, the name of kings and emperors also comes on our tongue.
But, along with them, the role of laborers, farmers, landowners, ex-servicemen, writers and journalists was also not less. It is another matter that many of these names remained such, which were lost in the darkness of oblivion.
Maulvi Mohammad Bakir is one such name.
There was a revolutionary active in the revolution of 1857, who had rebelled against the British with his journalism.
In 1825, he was admitted to Delhi College and after completing his studies, he became a teacher of Persian in Delhi College itself and after some time, due to his education, he also held responsible posts in the government department for many years, but he did not get peace and peace in his mind. The cruel ruling attitude of the British government, creating an atmosphere of strange restlessness in the heart, hurt his heart for freedom, finally resigned from the government post at the behest of his rebel thinking and father.
Quit his government job and took out his Urdu newspaper!
Born in 1790 to an aristocratic family in Delhi, Maulvi Mohammad received his early education from his father. Later, he went to 'Delhi College' to complete his further studies. After completing his studies from there, he became a teacher of Persian language. After these jobs, he was appointed as Tehsildar in the Income Tax Department.
In this way, he remained in high positions in the government department for about 16 years. Since, he did not feel like in the government job, so one day suddenly he left the government job.
Further in 1836 the Press Act was amended and newspapers were allowed to be removed, then they also entered the field of journalism. In 1837, he started publishing his own newspaper under the name of weekly 'Dehli Urdu Akhbar'. It was the second Urdu newspaper of the country, before that 'Jame Jahan Numa' newspaper in Urdu language used to come out from Calcutta.
In the year 1836, the Press Act was passed and Maulvi Bakar Ali started Delhi's first Urdu newspaper called Delhi Urdu weekly, at that time it was a very difficult task to get the newspaper, but the Maulvi raised the press of the weekly Urdu newspaper. The letter operated for about 21 years, in which its name was also changed twice, its price was one rupee according to the month, apart from this, in 1843 Maulvi Bakar Ali also published a religious magazine Mazhar-e-Haq which lasted till 1848. Was .
The purpose of the newspaper is not business, but...
Maulvi Mohammad Baqir's 'Dehli Urdu Akhbar' lived for almost 21 years, which proved to be a milestone in the field of Urdu journalism. With the help of this newspaper, Maulvi Baqir started doing well with social issues as well as making people aware. It is said that the purpose of this newspaper was not to do business, but it worked under a mission.
Maulvi Mohammad Baqir used to distribute whatever money came on the sale of its copies among the poor.
The cost of this newspaper was only 2 rupees. Maulvi Mohammad Baqir had also increased the size of his newspaper. Along with this, he had divided the news into different parts to generate interest and make it easily readable.
In this newspaper 'Huzoor-e-Wala' for court news, while the company's news was categorized into more parts under 'Sahib-e-Kalan Bahadur'. Along with this, Maulvi Mohammad Baqir used to keep in touch with the trusted Nama Nigar (reporter) to get the latest news even in that time. Especially those who had access to higher officials.
The Delhi Urdu newspaper was a propagator of the feelings of the nation. Along with awakening political consciousness, it played an important role in uniting against the British rule.
Made our own important weapon in the fight for freedom
On one hand, Maulvi Mohammad Baqir was working to awaken the love of freedom among Indians through his newspaper. On the other hand the soldiers started the revolution of 1857. Seeing this, Maulvi Sahib became more active.
It is said that he played an important role in transporting many rebel soldiers from Meerut to Delhi Bahadur Shah Zafar. When the British came to know about this, they climbed in their eyes. His newspaper and his life were at stake.
However, he was not afraid and stood firm.
Through the newspaper, the Maulvi started writing openly against the plundering and wrong policies of the company. It is said that the sharp attitude of this newspaper had filled the spirit of freedom among the editors and writers of other newspapers. At the same time, the newspapers would also give place to the declaration letters of freedom lovers and the fatwas of religious leaders.
Along with this, appeals were also made to the people for its support.
His newspaper, on the one hand, advised the Hindu soldiers to become Arjuna and Bhima, while on the other hand it used to talk about the Muslim soldiers to wreak havoc on the British like Rustam, Genghis and Halaku.
Along with this, he would also give the name of 'Sepoy-e-Hindustan' to the rebel soldiers.
At the time when the movement for independence was going on in the country, Urdu was the only language among Indian languages which was understood and spoken in every corner of the country, at that time Urdu writers and writers also understood their responsibility towards the country. And he had also done it, in that journey Urdu had covered the history of the entire freedom movement in itself.
Maulvi Bakar continued to arouse enthusiasm among the countrymen with his revolutionary writings. During the Mutiny of 1857, the edge of his pen was continuously sharpened, due to which the British officers became restless and started knocking fast in the eyes of the British, arrested on 14 September 1857 without any trial. Maulvi Muhammad Bakar, who was shot by a cannon on September 1857 and sacrificed for freedom, did not get the place in history that he deserved.
Today the condition of journalism is such that day night TV channels and other mediums continue to serve the material of communal division, in such an environment it is necessary for the students of journalism to know about the brave journalists like Maulvi Bakar who fearlessly stood against the British rule by holding their pen. The Maulvi Mohammad Bakar was the first journalist who was shot at the mouth of a cannon in 1857 on the charge of revolt against the British and writing against them, there was a period and this is also a period.
This is arguably the worst period of journalism.
Some channel owners or news agencies sitting in the studio have auctioned journalism, some broker journalists have kept the country's fleet, this period is the most frightening period of journalism where journalism is due to few journalists, few ruling and capitalists. has become her mistress.
Did not hold back from changing the name of the newspaper
Maulvi Mohammad Bakir was a strong advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity. With the help of his newspaper, many times he exposed the tricks of the British to spread communal tension and their plans in front of the public. Not only this, he made a strong appeal to the people of all religions to walk shoulder to shoulder in the freedom of the country without getting entangled in such things.
In the issue of July 5, 1857, after investigating a poster spreading communalism on the Jama Masjid, the nefarious designs of the British were dashed, along with this Maulvi Mohammad Baqir dedicated his newspaper 'Dehli Urdu' to Bahadur Shah Zafar. The name of the newspaper was changed to Akhbar-al-Zafar.
After the name change, the last ten copies were printed from this newspaper.
It may be mentioned that the newspaper of Maulvi Mohammad Baqir continued to receive warnings from the British, but despite this, he actively participated in the freedom struggle.
..and was martyred in the freedom struggle
In the revolt of 1857, many mothers lost their lap. Do not know how many women lost their husbands. Despite this, the fire of revolution continued to burn, to suppress which the repression of the British continued.
He recaptured Delhi by imprisoning Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. After this, the British forces started searching for each and every Indian soldier and started doing Kalapani, hanging and blowing them with guns.
Along with this, the British also arrested Maulvi Mohammad Bakir on 14 September 1857 and he was presented in front of Captain Hudson on 16 September. He ordered the death sentence to Maulvi Mohammad Baqir.
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